Mental Health Assets Related To Better Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes

June 06, 2023; Unhurry Expert Research Team

Teenagers who reported feeling optimism, happiness, self-esteem, belongingness, and feeling loved and wanted were more likely to reach their 20s and 30s in good cardiometabolic health compared to teens with fewer of these positive mental health assets.

The association was especially strong among Black youth or people who face discrimination, said the research which was published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, an open-access, peer-reviewed journal of the American Heart Association.

What is cardiometabolic health?

One’s cardiovascular system includes your heart, blood, and blood vessels. Cardiometabolic health is a term that refers to a combination of many of these risk factors. Optimal measures to estimate optimal cardiometabolic health are defined as all five of the following:

• body mass index and waist circumference in ideal ranges
• normal blood sugar (without taking medicine to lower blood sugar)
• ideal cholesterol levels (without taking medicine to lower cholesterol)
• normal blood pressure (without taking medicine to lower blood pressure)
• no evidence of cardiovascular disease, such as a prior heart attack or stroke.

Discrimination elevates cardiometabolic diseases

According to earlier research, psychological components of mental health like optimism and happiness may be significant modifiable factors that contribute to improved cardiometabolic health over time. This study focused on early in life and took into account a broader measure of cardiometabolic health, which also included markers of blood sugar levels and inflammation, even though the majority of this research was conducted among older persons.

“We learned a lot in the last few decades about the impact of discrimination and other social risks youth of colour face that may explain their elevated rates of cardiometabolic disease, however, much less attention is paid to the inherent strengths they possess and the ways those strengths may be leveraged to advance health equity,” said lead study author Farah Qureshi, Sc.D., M.H.S., an assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore. “In this study, we wanted to shift the paradigm in public health beyond the traditional focus on deficits to one that concentrates on resource building.”

How are mental health assets related to better cardiometabolic health?

Researchers examined data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which enrolled nearly 3,500 U.S. high schoolers (average age 16 years) in 1994 and were followed for more than two decades. Nearly half were girls, 67% were white youth, 15% were Black teens, 11% were Latino teenagers and 6% reported their race as either Native American, Asian, or “other.” Researchers periodically collected data on the participant’s health and well-being, with the most recent wave of data collection occurring in 2018 when their average age was 38.

Researchers discovered five mental health assets linked to better cardiometabolic health outcomes using initial survey responses from participants’ adolescent years: optimism, happiness, self-esteem, a sense of belonging, and feeling loved. This information was cross-referenced with health data recorded over 3 decades to assess whether teens who had more of these positive assets were more likely to maintain optimal cardiometabolic health in adulthood.

Parameters to examine cardiometabolic health

To examine cardiometabolic health in this study, researchers reviewed health measures for seven cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk factors collected during clinic visits when participants were in their late 20s and 30s. The factors included high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or “good” cholesterol; non-HDL cholesterol — calculated as total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol; systolic blood pressure (top number); diastolic blood pressure (bottom number); hemoglobin A1c, a measure of blood sugar; C-reactive protein, a measure of inflammation; and body mass index, or BMI, the ratio of height to weight to estimate body fat.

The analysis found:

• Overall, 55% of youth had zero to one positive mental health asset, while 29% had two to three assets and 16% had four to five assets.
• As young adults, only 12% of participants maintained cardiometabolic health over time, and white youth were more likely to maintain good health later in life compared to Black or Latino youth.
• Teens with four to five positive mental health assets were 69% more likely to maintain positive cardiometabolic health as young adults.
• There was also a cumulative effect, with each additional mental health asset conferring a 12% greater likelihood of positive cardiometabolic health.

Racial disparities in cardiometabolic health apparent

Although psychological assets were found to be protective across all racial and ethnic groups, the largest health benefits were noted among Black youth. More than any other racial or ethnic group, black youths reported having more favourable mental health assets.

Racial differences in cardiometabolic health persisted into adulthood despite Black youth having the most resources and benefiting from them the most. The likelihood of maintaining good cardiometabolic health over time was lowest among black people.

“These somewhat counterintuitive findings were surprising,” Qureshi said. “When we dug deeper, we found that the absence of psychological assets being was particularly health-damaging for Black youth.” She further elaborated that the findings point to the role structural racism plays in shaping cardiometabolic health patterns in the first decades of life: “For Black youth — who face numerous barriers to achieving and sustaining optimal cardiometabolic health in adulthood — not having these additional mental health resources makes a big difference.”

Early investments in youth mental health critical

“This work suggests that early investments in youth mental health may be a critical new frontier in the advancement of cardiometabolic health equity,” according to Qureshi.

“We need more large-scale studies to monitor these and other positive mental health factors starting in childhood to understand how these assets may influence health and disease over the life course. This information may help us identify new ways to improve health and reduce disparities,” she said.

Limitations of the study include that there were relatively few participants who were Latino, Asian, or Native American and there were variations in blood sample collection methods over time.

Healthcare professionals measure cardiovascular health with the American Heart Association’s Life’s Essential 8 tool, which measures 4 indicators related to cardiovascular and metabolic health status (blood pressure, cholesterol, blood sugar, and body mass index); and 4 behavioural/lifestyle factors (smoking status, physical activity, sleep, and diet).

According to Life’s Essential 8 data:

• only 45% of U.S. adolescents have five or more indicators of ideal cardiovascular health, and the percentage declines in adulthood; and
• there are persistent differences in cardiovascular health levels by self-reported race and ethnicity, and these disparities are larger at younger ages.

Co-authors are Anne-Josee Guimond, Ph.D.; Elaine Tsao, M.P.H.; Scott Delaney, Sc.D.; Julia K. Boehm, Ph.D.; and Laura D. Kubzansky, Ph.D.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded this research.

Story Source:

Materials provided by American Heart Association, http://www.health.harvard.edu. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Journal Reference:

Farah Qureshi, Anne‐Josee Guimond, Elaine Tsao, Scott Delaney, Julia K. Boehm, Laura D. Kubzansky. Adolescent Psychological Assets and Cardiometabolic Health Maintenance in Adulthood: Implications for Health Equity. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2023; DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.122.026173

Page citation:

American Heart Association. “Feeling loved, optimistic or happy as a teen may lead to better health in adulthood.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 11 January 2023. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/01/230111075843.htm>.

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Name of the Organisation: Indla’s Child Guidance Clinics (ICGC)

Indla’s Child Guidance Clinics (ICGC) was established in Vijayawada and then was expanded to Mumbai in 2015 followed by another branch in the same city in 2017. ICGC provides assessment, remediation, and counseling all under one roof. It offers medication, parental counseling and therapies for children and adolescents. They also conduct workshops on parenting and life skills development.

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